有一道思科的面试题
const int x = 5;
int main()
{
int x = x;
printf("%d\n",x);
return 0;
}
// 输出是 1994628660
// 随机结果
const int x = 5;
int main()
{
int x[x];
printf("%d\n",sizeof(x)/sizeof(int));
return 0;
}
// 该题输出为 5. 这道题主要考查的是C++标准，Point of declaration一节
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Point of declaration
1 The point of declaration for a name is immediately after its complete declarator (clause 8) and before its initializer (if any), except as noted below. [Example: int x = 12; { int x = x; } Here the second x is initialized with its own (indeterminate) value. ]
2 [Note: a nonlocal name remains visible up to the point of declaration of the local name that hides it.[Example: const int i = 2; { int i[i]; } declares a local array of two integers. ] ]
3 The point of declaration for an enumerator is immediately after its enumerator-definition. [Example: const int x = 12; { enum { x = x }; } Here, the enumerator x is initialized with the value of the constant x, namely 12. ]
4 After the point of declaration of a class member, the member name can be looked up in the scope of its class. [Note: this is true even if the class is an incomplete class. For example, struct X { enum E { z = 16 }; int b[X::z]; // OK }; —end note]
5 The point of declaration of a class first declared in an elaborated-type-specifier is as follows: — for an elaborated-type-specifier of the form class-key identifier ; the elaborated-type-specifier declares the identifier to be a class-name in the scope that contains the declaration, otherwise — for an elaborated-type-specifier of the form class-key identifier if the elaborated-type-specifier is used in the decl-specifier-seq or parameter-declaration-clause of a function defined in namespace scope, the identifier is declared as a class-name in the namespace that contains the declaration; otherwise, except as a friend declaration, the identifier is declared in the small- est non-class, non-function-prototype scope that contains the declaration. [Note: if the elaborated- type-specifier designates an enumeration, the identifier must refer to an already declared enum-name. If the identifier in the elaborated-type-specifier is a qualified-id, it must refer to an already declared class-name or enum-name. See 3.4.4. ]
6 [Note: friend declarations refer to functions or classes that are members of the nearest enclosing namespace, but they do not introduce new names into that namespace (7.3.1.2). Function declarations at block scope and object declarations with the extern specifier at block scope refer to delarations that are members of an enclosing namespace, but they do not introduce new names into that scope. ]
7 [Note: For point of instantiation of a template, see 14.6.4.1 . ]